Further Financial Analysis Of Easton Town, Massachusetts Essay Example for Free

Further Financial Analysis Of Easton Town, Massachusetts Essay 1. Monetary Analysis of Easton Town, Massachusetts In this task we will additionally look at the money related strength of Easton Town, Massachusetts by registering various bookkeeping proportions on the budgetary figures depicted in the yearly report of 2006.â An even investigation will likewise be led on certain key monetary factors of the town, by considering the expansion or diminishing happening from 2005 to 2006.â This budgetary examination will be characterized on three primary variables, being gainfulness, liquidity and dependability. 1.1 Financial Performance of Easton Town, Massachusetts A frail money related execution of Easton Town Massachusetts is noted from the productivity proportions acted in last area of this task.  The interperiod value figure of 0.98 occasions uncovers that the complete income of the town isn't fit to cover by one time the working costs incurred.â In this regard, an inadequacy of income over use is taking place.â This point is additionally validated by the total compensation edge of â€2.16%.â This suggests lost $2.16 is made up from each $100 of sales.â This is a generously high misfortune for Easton Town. A misfortune is typically either the consequence of absence of income or unreasonable expenses acquired in the everyday tasks of the town.â The income scattering proportion acted in area 1.4 shows that the two primary income creating exercises of the town are Property Taxes and Intergovernmental State Revenue.â Both of them represent 84.99% of the all out income of Easton Town.â If one considers the property burdens per capita, as we did in the last segment of this task, a proportion of 136.64% is attained.â This high proportion infers that significant income is produced from property burdens in accordance with the number of inhabitants in Easton Town.â In this regard, the relational word of absence of income prompting misfortunes decreases on such feature. Use is impressively high for Easton Town.â Cutting down expenses isn't a simple assignment particularly for a non-benefit making element like Easton Town.â Personnel decreases could be acted so as to constrain costs.â However, serious drawbacks would be gotten from such arrangement, for example, expanded wrongdoing, weakening foundation of streets and decrease in the standard of living.â Such factors would encroach the primary target of the Town, which involves offering a decent in general support to the town and upgrade their standard of living.â In this regard concessions ought to be set on such productivity angle. An answer that could be embraced for this use issue is to attempt to improve the effectiveness of the usage of the town’s resources.â Presently such proficiency remains at 29.76%.â Through the selection of logical administration, such productivity can be improved by ideally changing the present operational strategies. 1.2 Financial Position of Easton Town, Massachusetts A sound liquidity position is noted for Easton Town from the proportions determined.â The capacity of the current resources of the town to cover its exceptional transient obligations is by one and a half.â This is a decent working capital feature.â Further more, the ability of money and money reciprocals to deal with the current liabilities is essentially material remaining at 70.87%.â This further reveals insight into a decent administration of working. Regardless of such positive variables, through the level investigation directed, a diminishing in real money and money reciprocals of $124,336 was noted.â This especially originates from a decrease in trust assets and grant funds.â For example, the high preservationist supports installments, which are definitely surpassing the yearly receipts is adding to such diminish in trust funds.â Attention ought to be therefore positioned on such feature to guarantee that income issues are forestalled. 1.3 Financial Stability of Easton Town, Massachusetts The outfitting proportion processed in the procedure segment uncovers that Easton Town is a high-equipped company.â High outfitting implies that obligation is in a higher extent than value capital.â The more noteworthy the obligation, the more the budgetary duties important to meet such obligation commitments, similar to premium payments.â The level examination directed uncovered that the drawn out obligation lessened from 2005 to 2006 by $2,128,480 and along these lines additionally diminished such money related commitments.â The installments of long haul obligations are another factor that added to the decrease in real money and money equivalents.â However, the transient obligation expanded by $2,411,000, which is higher than the reduction in long haul debt.â Such development likewise compares with the huge obligation to add up to resources determined.â This expanding figure is yet moderated by the great current proportion noted in the past area. 1.4 Concluding Remark †Financial Health of Easton Town, Massachusetts Despite the fact that there is a decaying productivity, the sound liquidity is relieving such factor.â The expanding absolute obligation divide is likewise being balanced out by diminishing long haul obligations and expanding present moment debts.â As effectively noticed, the great money related position can continue an expansion in current liabilities. We can in this way infer a decent money related wellbeing is depicted for Easton Town, Massachusetts for the budgetary year finished 2006.

The Effectiveness of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (SWAT) Essay - 1

The Effectiveness of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (SWAT) - Essay Example This exposition portrays the Special weapons and Tactical groups law implementation that began with ensuring the prosperity of cops in the United States, as they completed their obligations of â€Å"serving and protecting† the general population. Being ready to separate trouble makers proficiently without mass pandemonium and making blow-back, was the trademark for the production of the groups. Regardless of whether one is an advocate or a spoiler of the presence of SWAT groups, they should strike a similar rope when stood up to with the issue of the importance of the groups proceeded with presence. Specialized squads have done some sketchy things, and they have achieved numerous beneficial things. Before we toss out the child with the shower water, we should equitably survey the circumstance and pose the inquiry. Is it accurate to say that we are in an ideal situation today with SWAT groups, than we were without them? The scientist of this exposition accepts that we are certa inly happier, and what is required is that a lot of thought must be coordinated to how, these groups can be better used, while they are waiting sitting tight for the afternoon, when they will be expected to serve in the limit with regards to which they were initially imagined. It is ordinarily held that a decent offense is superior to a decent guard. In any case, to summarize the scientist expresses that we realize that city police divisions left to their customary munititions stockpile and theory, are not prepared enough to deal with the some of kinds of encounters which the trouble makers can devise.

Secondary Essay Samples - How to Choose Your Essay

Secondary Essay Samples - How to Choose Your EssayWhen you're thinking about your secondary essays, it's important to pick a topic that interests you. This way, you can focus your attention on that topic and make your student's strong essay more compelling. Your student's essay is the first thing they'll see when they enter your classroom. You want it to stand out and get them excited about their own personal statement.Most students begin their academic career in high school. However, this doesn't mean they have all the time in the world to research topics and write thoughtful essays. It takes a lot of work and effort to earn a high grade in high school. The same goes for when they enter college. It's hard enough to find time in the week to get the homework done that must be done, but once you've got to write your student's first essay, you'll need to make sure that you're not falling behind.Now, some students are naturally better at writing essays than others. If this is the case wi th your student, then you're going to need to tailor their essay to the topic and the style of writing. It's important to write the essay based on what your student wants to talk about and what their specific needs are. These are all factors that you will be able to control and therefore, it's up to you to know how to do them well.There are a few things that you should look for when looking for essay samples. It may be a good idea to ask the teacher to suggest topics for you to write about. In most cases, you will find that the teacher does not know your student very well. You'll be able to tell if they have any interest in a topic simply by their writing and lack of participation in class discussions.You may be able to get extra help or ask to contribute to a class discussion. This is a great way to learn and can give you valuable insight into the topics that will be covered in your essay. It's also a way to show your student that you are willing to take initiative and go outside o f the classroom.Essays can be tricky to write, especially if you don't know much about the topic. You may be tempted to just stick with what you know and write it as you know it. If you can avoid this mistake, then you'll be able to write a stronger essay and it will hold up under scrutiny.Many students can be hesitant to write essays because they're afraid that they aren't good enough or that they'll only end up in the trash can. However, if you make yourself a part of the process, you'll be amazed at how much better you will become. Always be patient and let your student know that you are there for them no matter what happens. This will make sure that they don't become discouraged and learn from your mistakes.Essays can be difficult to write. Don't be discouraged if you can't get all of your research and essay ideas together right away. Try to be persistent and give yourself time to prepare. Secondary essays aren't a walk in the park, but with the right attention to detail and a l ittle patience, you'll get through it and get your student to earn a high grade.

Mrs. Mallards Character in The Story of an Hour by Kate...

Socrates, a Greek philosopher once said: Each one must know himself. Unfortunately, most of us are not aware of our true character. Social conventions are the main cause making us repress what we really think and feel. Only when unexpected events happen, we do have an opportunity to take a close look at our hidden self.The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin reflects the dramatic development process of Mrs.Mallards character through the death of her husband; it demonstrates that the true identity cannot be sheltered forever. At the beginning of the story, the author describes Mrs.Mallard as a woman having the distinctive trait of self-assertion which is constrained by her marriage. She seems to be the victim of an†¦show more content†¦Although she had loved him--sometimes, she unconsciously does not want to accept blindly the situation of being controlled by her husband. Mrs.Mallard is not a one-dimentional, clone-like woman having an expected, acceptable emotional response for every life condition. Mrs.Mallards rather uncommon reaction to the news of Mr.Brently Mallards death logically foreshadows the complete revelation of her suppressed longing for freedom. Being alone in her room When the storm of grief is over, she experiences something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. Finally, she recognizes the freedom she has desired for a long time and it overcomes her sorrow: Free! Body and soul free! She kept whispering. In her soul, the dark clouds are disappearing because she is illuminated. All the memories of her husband are now of the past. She is living in the present. At this point, she is no longer Mrs.Mallard. She is Louise and is ready to welcome a new horizon of freedom : Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. Overwhelmed with a new sense of herself, she feels as if she was a goddess of Victory. In just a brief hour, she learns what it is like to be her own person, to live for herself without the force of her husbands will.Show MoreRelated The Story of an Hour and The Hand Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and ‘†The Hand† by Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette are similar in theme and setting. Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette and Kate Chopin create the theme of obligatory love and the unhappiness it entails. Both stories illustrate the concealed emotions many women feel in their marriage yet fail to express them. The two stories take place in a sacred room of the house and both transpire in a brief amount of time. The differences between the two stories are seen through theRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin862 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Analysis: The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, is about one married woman’s true hidden feelings of being married in the 19th century. The story was published in 1894, a time where it was unacceptable for women to express their wants and needs as a woman. Women were not seen equal to men and did not have the same privileges as men such as voting. Therefore, some of her literary works were considered controversial. It wasn’t soon until the late 20 centuryRead More Irony in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour Essay796 Words   |  4 Pagesin Chopins Story of an Hour    Irony is a useful device for giving stories many unexpected twists and turns. In Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour, irony is used as an effective literary device. Situational irony is used to show the reader that what is expected to happen sometimes doesnt. Dramatic irony is used to clue the reader in on something that is happening that the characters in the story do not know about. Irony is used throughout Chopins The Story of an Hour through theRead More Irony in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essays1295 Words   |  6 PagesIrony in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour A very dull and boring story can be made into a great story simply by adding in something that is unexpected to happen. When the unexpected is used in literature it is known as irony. An author uses irony to shock the reader by adding a twist to the story. The author of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is Kate Chopin. Her use of irony in the story is incredibly done more than once. Irony is thinking or believing some event will happen but in return the unexpectedRead More The Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Free! Body and soul free!, Mrs. Mallard kept whispering. One persons ultimate freedom may be seen as a tragedy to another. Kate Chopin illustrates this idea in The Story of an Hour. The story is set in the nineteenth century. Chopin uses the death of Mr. Mallard to show the reader Mrs. Mallards deep feelings. In the story, Josephine and Mrs. Mallard are sisters. Although the women come from the sameRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour1323 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"protection† under an onerous marriage. In The Story of an Hour, through peculiar sentence structure, feministic themes, and irony, Kate Chopin portrays the resentment of women towards the oppressive institution of marriage through Mrs. Mallard’s joviality for her newly discovered freedom- a product of her husband’s assumed passing. Body Paragraph #1- Literary Device: Sentence Structure Kate Chopin commences the short story with â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, greatRead MoreThe Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is very intriguing, not only because of the emotional change Louise Mallard goes through the hour after her husband’s tragic death but also the way Chopin uses irony in the story. During this analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we will discuss the summary, plot, setting, tone, theme, point of view, emotions of Louise Mallard and other characters involved in the story. Chopin’s story uses the feelings of a married womanRead MoreThe Feminist Movement By Kate Chopin And Boys And Girls By Alice Munro1231 Words   |  5 Pagesrights equal to that of men. Two short stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Boys and Girls† by Alice Munro, relate experiences from female perspectives, highlighting oppression against women. The authors use different techniques to show the protagonists’ similar struggle for liberation in their male-dominated environments. While Alice Munro uses the voice of a young girl to establish the limitations women face throughout their entire life, Kate Chopin uses the â€Å"heart disease† of the protagonistRead MoreThe Concept of Epiphany in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour1262 Words   |  5 PagesEpiphany (Rewrite Order #A2101292) An epiphany is the sudden realization or manifestation of understanding, and in the Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin, a woman experienced an epiphany that ultimately had tragic results. The tragedy was foreshadowed in the first line when the narrator informed the reader of Mrs. Mallards heart trouble and the problems it could bring when informing her of her husbands death. But instead of being the cause of tremendous sorrow, the death of her husband broughtRead MoreStory Of An Hour Critical Analysis770 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour (1894),† portrays that the confinements placed on women due to gender roles was unjust. Chopin illustrates this through the progression of Mrs. Mallards emotions and thoughts after learning of her husbands supposed death, as well as alluding to their form of marriage. Chopins purpose is to point out how unjust woman were treated in society in order to bring about change on such treatment. Given t he time period, Chopin dedicated her short story to

Gaius Julius Augustus Germanicus Caesar - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 849 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Julius Caesar Essay Did you like this example? Gaius Julius Augustus Germanicus Caesar was born on July 12 or July 13, 100 BCE, to the Praetor Gaius Julius Caesar, who controlled parts of Asia. His mother was a woman named Aurelia Cotta. When Julius became 16 years old, his father died. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gaius Julius Augustus Germanicus Caesar" essay for you Create order Being the oldest man alive in the family, Julius became head of the Caesar family. Soon after, Gaius became the high priest of Jupiter (Zeus), the god of lightning, thunder, and the gods. After becoming the High Priest of Jupiter, he became engaged to a patrician girl named Cornelia Cinna. The empire of Rome soon became under the rule of Sulla and purged Rome of people who believed in the Populare Ideology, and of his political enemies, like Cornelias father. Sulla attempted to force Caesar to divorce Cornelia, who was the daughter of one of Sullas rivals. According to Ancient History.eu, The Populare ideology was about favoring a democratic government and giving more rights to the lower class citizens. Caesar then fled Rome in a hope to escape Sulla, but he was stripped of his role of high priest, and Cornelias dowry was stolen. Without money, Caesar joined the Roman Army. During the time in the army, Gaius was given many awards, such as the civic crown, and was promoted to the ranks of military legate of Bithynia to gain control of a fleet of ships. Caesar then moved back to Rome for a new life after Sulla died. In 75 BCE, Caesar was captured by a group of pirates and was to be ransomed for 20 marks. Julius argued he should be ransomed for 50 marks, because of his talents on the battlefield. During his time during the ransom, he maintained a good relationship with the pirates. It is said that Caesar threatened the pirates multiple times to let him go or else when he was let free, he would hunt them down and crucify them. The pirates took this as a joke, however, and didnt believe him. After Caesar was let free, he hunted them down and slit the pirates throat before their crucifixion. When he got back to Rome, he was honored as a military tribune when in Rome. He became a lawyer and was extremely successful. He then went to Rhodes to study philosophy. Cornelia soon died of giving birth to a stillborn child, and Caesar married the granddaughter of Sulla, Pompeia. According to biography.com, Caesar then created a private army and fought Mithridates VI (6) Eupator who declared war on Rome. Caesar was successful in his battle with Mithridates, and worked with Pompey, and went up in political status. They would soon divorce. With his close friends Pompey and Crassus in 60 BC, forming the first trimutive. The trimutive lasted 7 years. It would have lasted longer if Crassus was not killed in battle. Pompey soon saw Caesar as an enemy, because of his growing power. They fought, and the battle went to Egypt. Pompey was killed in Egypt by the hand of Caesar. Cleopatra and Caesar soon had an alliance and had a child. The childs name was Caesarion. Cleopatra wanted Caesar to take Caesarion to Rome, and make him his heir. However, Caesars heir was already Octavian. He kept his promise to take Caesarion to Rome. When Caesar arrived back to Rome, he was named emperor. Julius Caesar was a leader who favored his citizens. He got rid of taxes, initiated the police force, let former enemies go in the Caesar and more. There was a conspiracy of Caesar, and a group of senators, fearing their power, started to play an assassination on Caesar, expecting to be treated as heroes when the emperor fell to the ground, dead. They had a plan to kill Julius Caesar on March 15, 44 BC. He was given a warning of Beware the Ides of March. He chose to ignore it, as he did not understand. On the day of a Senate meeting, which was held on the Ides of March, he was talking to the senators, when a group of them stood up, with weapons in their hands, they went up, and stabbed Caesar 23 times. His last words were the phrase which translates to English as You too, Child? In William Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, the last words of Caesar were Et tu, Brute? which means Even you, Brutus?. He died at the age of 55 8/12 ye ars old. The conspirators went out and said People of Rome, you are free. and were met by angry citizens. instead treated instead of heroes, but as criminals, for Rome loved Caesar. Especially the commoners, who enjoyed how Caesar treated them. His death was the end of the Roman Republic, and the start of the bloody Roman Empire. I believe that Caesar was a great man, who ruled justly and loved the people in Rome. It was nice to hear that Caesar made life easier for the Romans, and made it so the Roman Republic was at peace before he was assassinated. He didnt deserve his death, and if he were to live on, he would have reformed the Roman Republic, and make Rome better than ever.

Analysis Of Sax s Film Othello - 1457 Words

Surname 2 Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Course Date Analysis of Sax’s Film in Relation to the Text Geoffrey Sax s advanced retelling of William Shakespeare s Othello can control Shakespeare s unique ideas in spite of the time period and connection in which both writings happen, while investigating the all inclusive topics of prejudice, misogyny and force. Shakespeare s play reflects conventional Elizabethan connections and qualities in its investigation of such ideas amidst a catastrophe impelled on by misleading and desirously (Aebischer 12). On the other hand, Geoffrey Sax s 2001 representation of Othello, set in 1980s London, concentrates on issues of prejudice and ladies in a post-women s activist society. In spite of the diverse the distinctive time periods both writings have the same all inclusive thoughts. The Elizabethan times an apprehension of non-native took into consideration bigot perspectives to create. This is obvious in the way the shade of Othello s skin is an image of his distance and one of his most prominent insecurities that in the long run prompts his ruin. All through the play Iago utilizes preposterous creature symbolism to depict Othello as an animalistic outcast. In the first scene Iago and Roderigo are indicated utilizing deriding comments, calling him a Barbary steed and thick lips, further solidifying his place as an outcast. Through resulting differentiating symbolism the representation, an old dark ram is tupping your whiteShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Film And Othello1503 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years the play Othello by William Shakespeare has been adapted both on the screen and on stage many times. The questions or race and racism that have quite often been a point of discussion with William Shakespeare’s play Othello can be seen thr ough the bard, however some may argue that Othello’s skin colour was purely a plot device. This paper will look at two film that have been re-made since the 1960’s, which provides an analysis of the concept of race and how political ideas and

Diamond in the Rough free essay sample

He owns his own music company and built his empire around No Limit (the hottest in the business). He was almost a NAB player, and he owns his own line of dolls (the Master P doll). His company makes a net worth each year of $361 million. His record company sold 26 million records in 1998, more then any other rap company. He also has made a lot f money in staring and directing in movies that profit at least $10 million each. He also has his own clothing line that makes a net worth of $10 million in 1999. Master P has built his own record company, which many rappers have tried to copy, but he is different with all of them because he does not have a Joint contract with any record labeler. In fact the head of No Limits various enterprises-each division is actually a separate privately held company-has succeeded with a surprisingly sound sisal strategy and has attracted a cadre of enterprising young executives to help him manage the companys meteoric growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Diamond in the Rough or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Master P has been one of the youngest people to hit on the worlds youngest Rich that has been published In fortune magazine. He has learned and mastered the market as we no It and there will never be anyone else like him, and thats why he Is a diamond in the rough, and will always be set apart In the elite few of the hard-core rappers and In the world of the young and rich.

Globalisation and cultural homogeneity

Introduction Globalisation is the aspect of integrating political, economic and social systems across the world. Globalisation has its pros and cons. However, the view regarding its role differs depending on the side of the divide one belongs. Proponents argue that globalisation has led to opening up of more opportunities for the peoples of the world while critics perceive globalisation as a tool for perpetuating inequality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation and cultural homogeneity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Critics further argue that globalisation is an act of westernization or Americanization of the globe. Whether, one sees globalisation as a tool for exploiting the developing world or not, it is noticeable that it has played a leading role towards cultural homogeneity. Culture is so dynamic (Van Krieken, 2010). Despite the high level of dynamism, each culture has a personality. As such, diff erent cultures although similar in certain ways do exhibit certain deviations. This forms the idea upon which cultural diversity is grounded. One important aspect that pins culture is based on how it is learned. Culture is not transferred genetically. Instead, culture is handed down from one generation to the next. Although it is alleged that language plays a crucial role in the transmission of culture, several other factors such as economics, politics, ethnicity, etc also contribute significantly. It is worth mentioning that culture is an ongoing process that gives communities a sense of dignity, identity, continuity and security. Such aspects are important in binding societies together. Ethnic and cultural demographics The number of ethnicities across the globe is not clearly determined. However, it is evident that ethnicities are too many even when viewed within individual countries. However, different demographic aspects are available. As an example, major world religions and la nguages are easily identifiable. Based on the United Nations, (2010), in 2009, the world population was split across these religions Christian 33.45% (Anglican 1.27%, Orthodox 4.04%, Protestant 6.07%, Roman Catholic 16.84%), Muslim 22.44%, Hindu 13.77%, Buddhist 7.12%, Sikh 0.36%, Jewish 0.22%, Baha’i 0.12%, other religions 11.20%, non-religious 9.43%, atheists 2.03%. On the other hand, languages spoken include Japanese 1.8%, Russian 2.12 Portuguese 2.62%, %, Javanese 1.25%, Standard German 1.33%, Bengali 2.66%, Hindi 2.68%, Arabic 3.25%, English 4.83%, Spanish 4.85%, Mandarin Chinese 12.44 % (the languages relate to native speakers statistics). It should be noted that globalisation has contributed to the alteration of these statistics. It should not surprise people that most English speakers are not native speakers. In addition, China has opened several centres in the developing world aimed at spreading its culture and language to these parts of the world.Advertising Lo oking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effect of globalisation on culture With the emergence of the phenomenon of globalisation, cultures have changed significantly (Kull, 2001). By way of illustration, culture has had immense effects on behaviour in different ways among various societies. Globalisation has influenced the living ways as people ape others from different parts. The most significant effect of globalisation rests on the notion that it has hugely affected the economic institutions of all countries in the world. For keen observers, it is easy to draw the connection between the economic institution and the other institutions such as the polity and the social institution. It is perhaps critical to mention that with globalisation, the concept of free trade has gained unmatched preference across the globe. The effects of the opening up of the economies or trade liberalisation have definitely inf luenced the culture of people in unimaginable proportions. The demands of globalisation are wide-ranging. As the phenomenon of globalisation takes centre stage, countries find themselves in unknown territories (Van Krieken, 2010). As such, each country seeks measures that are helpful in remaining relevant globally. This demands that each State adopts certain approaches that help enhance its competitiveness. At other levels, countries such as the developing ones have been forced to take certain steps geared towards the promotion of global trade and development. As an illustration, the developing nations were required to adopt the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in order to attain economic growth and development. By developing these programmes, the developing world was in effect replicating the development culture of the developed world. Thus, this presents movement of the world towards a common developmental culture. In this regard, the governments of the developing countries were encouraged to cede ground in service provision. This would allow the private sector more room to control the economy. In the process, it was expected that the developing countries would move towards the elimination of undesirable inefficiencies associated with government involvement in business. Due to globalisation, economic problems have increased (Hartungi, 2001). This has forced a sizeable percentage of women to look for employment opportunities outside their homes. Apparently, this development is a direct response to the declining earnings that men are entitled. As such, women are pursuing alternatives to supplement what their spouses earn. This has an adverse effect on family life. Family life is no longer the way it used to be. This view holds since, women were initially relegated to household duties as men sought paid employment. However, with increasing globalisation, both sexes have been forced into actively looking for paid jobs. The family unit has experienced a nu mber of adverse effects based on the fact that women are also seeking employment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation and cultural homogeneity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an illustration, the incidence of family instability has soared. In addition, the role of caregivers within society has gained dominance. This new culture is almost present in every society as women move out of homes to find jobs. An aspect of homogeneity is visible in regards to the idea that women are entering the job market across the globe. Proponents of globalisation thought it would help reduce the aspect of inequality (Kull, 2001). Based on the theory of globalisation, all participants, women or men, poor or rich would be affected in equal measure. The theory also presumed that windows of opportunity would open equally both to the small-scale and the big-scale entrepreneurs. It does require a genius to point out that pl ayers are unequal at the global level. As such, opening up trade and allowing all players the same opportunities amounts to unfairness to the small players. In a nutshell, global opening up of trade facilitates the collapse of livelihoods in the poor regions. As an illustration, the transnational players such as multinational corporations have huge resources unlike the local based industries which are unable to offer anything of note. Concisely, it is unfair to allow two unequal players the same field to operate. The effect of allowing unequal players has led to the collapse of poor industries as multinational corporations take control. Tools of globalisation are different. However, the internet plays a key role in the integration process (Kull, 2001). The internet has profoundly affected how people relate. It is no longer necessary to have a face to face engagement. Rather, people are able to communicate more freely. The internet is also useful in aiding the dissemination of inform ation. Since the advent of the internet, the society has changed in unprecedented ways. As an illustration, it has interfered with the cultural demands of meeting physically. This implies that the internet has contributed towards an increase in the distance between members of a family or a community. Further, people are encouraged to work outside since they are able to communicate from any corner of the world. Consequently, this has contributed towards the tampering of the social fabric of society. Globalisation plays a role in the creation of class cleavages within societies. As Kull, (2001) observes, globalisation creates classes of the rich and the poor. This is achieved through opening up of economies. In poor States those people who loose on economic grounds find reasons to form ethnic alliances.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is based on the notion that forming united approaches within States is an important step towards securing resources through gaining political power. It is thus not surprising that the emergence of splinter and rebellious groups within societies has coincided with the expansion of globalisation within the society. Kull, (2001) further holds the view that globalisation has played a leading role in devaluing the concept of citizenship. As Kull, (2001) reckons, citizenship is a prerequisite that plays a facilitating role to a proper functioning society. This view holds great relevance in democratic nations. However, globalisation hinders the growth of democracy. As globalisation spreads its tentacles, members of societies become mobile. Additionally, as competition heightens, individuals are forced to move to different places to secure employment. Such mobility implies that people cannot occupy distinct political spaces. Hence, these individuals are transformed to world citizens. T his group of individuals rarely bothers to find out what goes on at their countries of origin. This clearly illustrates that globalisation alters cultural practices of people towards a commonality. With globalisation, individuals become more independent in terms of economic wellness. Based on this, individuals no longer depend on their extended families since they become socially independent. This leads to primary isolation of individuals from their families. Social isolation may lead to the emergence of disorders. Isolation is even worse when viewed in regards to the older generation. This group suffers since their incomes are reduced and solely relies on the younger generation. The aspect of cultural bereavement is closely connected with globalisation (Ardalan, 2008). Globalisation undermines the social fabric of different societies. This results from the intrusion of the Western cultures which are seen as superior. When people migrate to look for greener pastures, they are forced to adopt new ways of life. This basically underscores the attributes of uprooted individuals who struggle to fit into new environments and alien obligations. Globalisation has contributed towards the democratization process (Dalpino, 2001). As an illustration, a host of nations across the world have incorporated the human rights doctrine into their constitutions. Apart from incorporating the human rights doctrine, States are required to observe the provisions of the doctrine. In addition, the development of international organisations such the International Criminal Court indicates that the world is moving towards a culture of accountability. Tensions attributable to globalisation Globalisation has led to the emergence of three main tensions. The first tension is based on the impasse between individual and societal choices (Harrison, 2007). As an illustration, this tension emerges when an individual is restricted in terms of the choices s/he can make. At times individuals find it d ifficult to exercise their rights regarding lifestyles or thoughts as they are likely to encounter conflicting demands put forth by the society. As an illustration, an individual interested to purchase a certain product may be put off due to the perception a society holds regarding the product in question. More specifically, globalisation has pushed society o adopt certain behavioural issues which individuals may not like but may have to follow in order to suit in the society. As an example, individuals are expected to fasten safety belts although they may be unwilling to use the belts. Another example of the spread of American culture is reflected in preference of entertainment programs. The American and European dominance is of particular concern. This has led some countries such as France to regulate both radio and television content. However, in most cases, the predominant western cultural entertainment has taken over world airwaves. The second tension rests on the notion that t here is a contention regarding free market enterprise and government intervention (Harrison and McMillan, 2007). This tension draws upon the previous one since free market enterprise is based on individual freedom of choice while market regulation presents an attempt to limit or restrict individual choices. Governments are given authority by the society and as a result, what they implement is seen as societal actions. Based on this, free market enterprises allows individuals or entities to freely decide on what to produce and consume while the government interventions limit these provisions. It should be clear that with the emergence of globalisation, State control has been on a steady decline. This reflects itself in the manner in which individuals and private entities are in positions to decide economic operations. Although the government measures continue to decline as the mantra of the private sector continues to expand, it is clear that government interventions have not been co mpletely dealt away with. As an illustration, the inability of the private sector to regulate certain aspects of business has forced governments to step in and provide direction. In addition, the unattractiveness of some services such as social services has forced the governments to also chip in and thus influence resource allocation. In the latter case, the role of governments in checking the problem of global warming presents a good example. Additionally, the actions of private healthcare providers have made health services so expensive thereby forcing governments to intervene. However, poor people across the globe continue to perish as healthcare remains expensive among the poor nations of the world (Schmukler, 2004). The third tension is based on the idea that local authority is in conflict with extra-local authority (Harrison and McMillan, 2007). This rests on the realization that decisions are made at these levels. There is a feeling across the globe that distant organisations are making decisions that have far-reaching effects on their lives and yet they are not offered the opportunity to offer individual views. As an illustration, decisions made by the IMF and the World Bank are often ill-received in the Latin American, Asian and African continents (Weber et al, 2007). Despite the disgruntlement emanating from the role of supranational bodies, it is evident that they hold much power and they are influencing the way people live across different nations. Conclusion Based on the evidence gathered in the essay, it is discernable that the globe is moving towards a convergence. Several aspects such as economic and political systems are moving towards a common end. As an illustration, democracy as a leadership approach is gaining dominance across the world. In addition, globalisation seems to lead to related consequences over the globe. As an illustration, globalisation has contributed towards the spread of a culture of class differentiation within different societies across the world. In conclusion, it is easy to see that globalisation has reduced the gap among world populations. Reference List Ardalan, A. (2008). Globalisation and culture: four paradigmatic views. New York: Poughkeepsie Press. Dalpino, C. (2001). Does globalisation promote democracy? An early assessment.  The Brookings Review 19, 4. Harrison, A. McMillan, M. (2007). On the links between globalisation and poverty. J  Econ Inequal 5, 123-124. Hartungi, R. (2001). Could developing countries take the benefit of globalisation?  International Journal of Social Economics 33, 728-743. Kull, S. (2001). Culture wars? How Americans and Europeans view globalisation.  The Brookings Review 19, 18. Schmukler, S. (2004). Financial Globalisation: Gain and Pain for Developing Countries. Economic Review 89, 39. United Nations (2010). World Statistics Pocketbook 2009. Geneva: United Nations Publications. Van Krieken, S. (2010). Sociology, (Edition4). Sidney: Pearson Education Au stralia. Weber, S. Barma, N. Kroenig, M. Ratner, E. (2007). How Globalisation Went Bad.  Foreign Policy 158, 48. This essay on Globalisation and cultural homogeneity was written and submitted by user Kallie Riggs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Conneticut

Connecticut Connecticut’s original pre-Columbian inhabitants included the western Niantic, Nipmuc, and wappinger Indians. The Connecticut River gave the area its name, a Mohican word meaning â€Å"the long river†. European settlement began in 1633 when Dutch fur merchants from hew Netherlands placed a trading post at modern Hartford. English Puritans founded towns at Windsor and wethersfeild in of that year. In 1637, rev. Thomas Hooker brought his Puritan congregation form Cambridge, Massachusetts, to settle at Hartford, which the Dutch had abandoned. Therefore founding the colony of Connecticut. Tensions with the Pequot escalated following the death of nine English mariners in 1634. these tensions resulted in Massachusetts sending a punitive expedition to punish that tribe in August 1636 two Indian villages were burned. Connecticut militia joined with the Piquot’s Indian enemies in a war that killed probably 40% of the 2,000 Pequot in 1637, compared to only 50 out of the 800 militia. Hartford, Windsor, and wethersfeild agreed on January 24, 1639, to govern themselves by the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This frame of government established a legislature and court system . By 1662 fifteen other towns founded in the Connecticut valley had adopted the Fundamental Orders, which were never confirmed by a royal charter. Congregationalism receive legal protection as the colony’s established church. meanwhile Connecticut organized itself to the colony of New Haven in 1643. After the Stuart dynasty resumed the English throne in 1660, Charles II gave Connecticut the right of self-government by a charter dated May 3 1662. the charter also gave the new government jurisdiction over New Haven’s towns. Which were then done away with. Connecticut briefly lost its rights to self-government when it was placed under the authority of the autocratic domain of New England in 1687, but it resumed ... Free Essays on Conneticut Free Essays on Conneticut Connecticut Connecticut’s original pre-Columbian inhabitants included the western Niantic, Nipmuc, and wappinger Indians. The Connecticut River gave the area its name, a Mohican word meaning â€Å"the long river†. European settlement began in 1633 when Dutch fur merchants from hew Netherlands placed a trading post at modern Hartford. English Puritans founded towns at Windsor and wethersfeild in of that year. In 1637, rev. Thomas Hooker brought his Puritan congregation form Cambridge, Massachusetts, to settle at Hartford, which the Dutch had abandoned. Therefore founding the colony of Connecticut. Tensions with the Pequot escalated following the death of nine English mariners in 1634. these tensions resulted in Massachusetts sending a punitive expedition to punish that tribe in August 1636 two Indian villages were burned. Connecticut militia joined with the Piquot’s Indian enemies in a war that killed probably 40% of the 2,000 Pequot in 1637, compared to only 50 out of the 800 militia. Hartford, Windsor, and wethersfeild agreed on January 24, 1639, to govern themselves by the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This frame of government established a legislature and court system . By 1662 fifteen other towns founded in the Connecticut valley had adopted the Fundamental Orders, which were never confirmed by a royal charter. Congregationalism receive legal protection as the colony’s established church. meanwhile Connecticut organized itself to the colony of New Haven in 1643. After the Stuart dynasty resumed the English throne in 1660, Charles II gave Connecticut the right of self-government by a charter dated May 3 1662. the charter also gave the new government jurisdiction over New Haven’s towns. Which were then done away with. Connecticut briefly lost its rights to self-government when it was placed under the authority of the autocratic domain of New England in 1687, but it resumed ...

Health Literacy and Patient Empowerment Assignment

Health Literacy and Patient Empowerment - Assignment Example Is it low, medium, or high? Explain your rating system for the three literacy levels. What are the factors that contribute to the literacy level for individuals? The three article literacy range from medium to high. The first article by Estruch, et al. (2013) about the diet for those with the chronic disease can be rated as medium as it dwells on only one type of diet and which is limited to people. The second article by Nag & Ghosh (2013) is rated as high as it discusses the rate of this chronic disease in Asia and the risk factors associated with it. This is very important information for prevention. Lastly is the article by Jeemon (2011) which is rated highly as it also provides the socio-economic reasons associated with cause and prevention as well as management of the cardiovascular disease. People as a result of the statistics on the cardiovascular diseases are running towards technology and medical books to seek every piece of information whether it is on causes, prevention or even management. The articles are peer reviewed and hence people are reviewing them mostly and relying on the information being provided. The information they present are based on research and hence are reliable. The only change would be to add more about the diet on the first article by Estruch, et al. (2013). Patient empowerment means that a patient of the chronic disease has taken time to learn about the disease and not just rely on what is being fed to him or her by the medical team. They have expansive knowledge on the area and have consulted on the best treatment plan and management methods depending on the stage of the disease or level they are in (Hebda, Czar & Mascara, 2012). A patient that is empowered is highly literate when it comes to health literacy. He or she has a wide array of knowledge that can even be used to teach others such as relatives. When it comes to patient empowerment, some of the patients are initially

Harmful effects of alcohol on the brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Harmful effects of alcohol on the brain - Essay Example To make the matter worse, the concern with drinking today becomes even more complex due to the fact that instances of under-age drinking are rapidly rising, thus increasing reported occurrences of brain damage on teenagers. Jennifer Sheridan in her article â€Å"Booze Putting Teen Brains at Risk† further discussed the dangers of under-age drinking. By presenting facts based from the studies and researches she conducted, Sheridan corroborated the high possibility of acquiring brain injury, especially for teenagers who are supposed to be undergoing various brain developmental processes, from drinking too much and/or consuming alcohol during sustained period (Sheridan, 2009). Without appropriate measures to resolve or, at least, minimize, problem with under-age drinking, the young generation’s likelihood to reach their full potential will be curtailed, hence impeding the bright future that awaits them. Alcohol poses as serious threat to the health and well being of the pop ulation at our community. Some of the health risks of consuming alcohol include, those who begin drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol related dependence than those who do not drink until they are 21. They have a higher risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver, strokes, pancreatitis, and multiple forms of cancer. Early alcohol consumption takes a toll on youths mentally too. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, an individuals brain continues to develop throughout adolescence, therefore those who drink, may have serious side affects with the functions of their short-term and long term memory. They are more likely to suffer from depression, drop out of school because of a reduced ability to learn and carry out normal brain activity. Alcohol consumed by teenagers is hazardous, not only due to the dangers linked with acute impairment, but also due to the problems that drinking brings to their long-term development and welfar e (Sheridan, 2009). From the reports all over the world, the society has witnessed how underage drinking can cause accidents in the road, violence at school, suicide cases, academic failures, and other behavioral concerns brought by underage alcohol consumption. The question is how these teenagers manage to get access to alcoholic beverages despite of the law that prohibits selling of alcohol to youths below 21 years old. According to Bonnie, O’Connell, and National Research Council (2004), teenagers get their access to alcohols from adults. A report shows that more than 90 percent of students from the 12th grade consider getting alcohol â€Å"very easy† or â€Å"fairly easy† (Bonnie, O’Connell, and National Research Council, 2004). Significantly, these young individuals who are not legally allowed to get access to alcoholic beverages are more reckless drinkers than the adults. On average, these teenagers drink more than what their bodies can take and the refore categorizing them as heavy drinkers (Bonnie, O’Connell, and National Research Council, 2004), or drinking until they black out (Sheridan, 2009). In 2004, a report from the National Survey on Drugs Use and Health stated that there were about 29 percent of young Americans, or approximately 10.8 million young individuals), specifically within the age range of 12-20, who had at least a drink a month prior to the report conducted by the organization (Bonnie, O’Connell, and National Research Council, 2004). Still within this age group, the report further stated that 19.6 percent of these subjects were categorized as binge drinkers, or those who had 5 or more drinks on one occasion, which is considered more than the average American adult can consume. In a study conducted by D’Amico et. al. (2001), they discovered that the start of alcohol

Margaret Thatcher’s Economic Policies: An Evaluation

Margaret Thatcher’s Economic Policies: An Evaluation Abstract Margaret Thatcher inherited an ailing economy, which was the result of several factors inclusive of actions by the previous Labour government, as well as some which were peculiar to Britain. The pivotal focus of her economic policy was reduction in the influence of the public sector, on which she launched a frontal attack by systematically defeating the labour unions, especially in the manufacturing and mining industries, and fall in unemployment and inflation. These were her highest priorities when she assumed office. These were the themes around which her doctrine to tackle these issues, Thatcherism, was predicated. Although the broad term also had some political and cultural connotations,[1] they were essentially economic in nature. The rot that had set in into the economy necessitated major, radical actions on her part; she had to antagonise the labour unions and the public sector, and had to revitalise the ailing economy. The overall results of her policies spread over three terms as prime minister were mixed: while her most resounding success was in rendering the labour unions ineffective and making them defunct in all but name, her other major policy, namely controlling unemployment and inflation, was successful, but not to the same degree, and which too, came about by external, unforeseen favourable factors. Introduction This paper is an assessment of Margaret Thatcher’s economic policies. Since no evaluation is effective when made in a vacuum, in arriving at this evaluation, this paper first makes a narration of her economic inheritance, since this serves as the benchmark for her achievements. After describing the situation the economy was in at the time of her ascension, this paper moves on to describing the major initiatives she undertook to rid the economy of its ills, which are described in detail in the coming paragraphs. In the course of this narration, the major indicators listed are the monetary policies. In this part, her actions in relation to the unions and in taking on unemployment are described; her political and religious philosophy and quantitative analyses are interspersed in the paper in passing, where they fit into this narrative. Finally, this paper offers its conclusion by making an assessment of the sum total of her policies vis-à  -vis the economy, in which its findings are that her policies were neither a startling success nor a miserable failure. It needs mention that this paper takes under its purview only her domestic economic policies, and makes no mention of her actions in relation to economic integration with the EU, because this was at an unfinished stage at the end of her term. Discussion Mrs. Thatcher’s economic policy was derived from the New Right economic philosophy of noted economists, F.A. Von Hayek and Milton Friedman, with its opposition to corporatism, and its belief that the individual and markets performed best when left free of intervention from the state; (Childs Storry, 1999, p. 540) it was grounded in the political and social circumstance of the day. Since her ascension, the cornerstone of her economic policy was the way in which it â€Å"linked the aim of restoring dynamic economic growth with a crusade to revive traditional social values†. The pivot around which it centred was what came to be called â€Å"new realism†. The core theme of this ideal is rooted in drastic economic change; this change implied freeing the industry of crippling state intervention, which she believed was what was depriving capitalism of its innovativeness and vitality. For this, the most important action she had to take was to enervate the trenchant trad e unions, which she saw as the direct and severest obstacle. This was especially so in the manufacturing industry. (Rose, 1991, p. 307) Background to economic policy When the Tories took power by defeating Labour by a margin of 28 seats in the elections of 1979, Thatcher led a Cabinet that inherited an economy in a state of decline, a decline that had been set about three decades earlier, right to almost the end of the war. Thus, her utmost priority was reversing this situation;[2] her most important task was to reduce taxes and more importantly, the overbearing influence of the public sector undertakings, which had turned out to be the economy’s guzzlers, and drastically reducing Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR) Reversing such entrenched policies needed political conviction and courage. As against the inflation rate of 10.3 percent, the GDP real growth rate was 2.3 percent. The most important tool with which to reach this economic goal was an increase in taxes. When this was introduced, the first effects were results were negative, and only started looking up later. The first and third budgets her Finance Minister, Sir Geoffrey Howe presented, had enormous tax rates. A look at how high Britain’s income tax rate was compared to other industrialised nations gives some idea about the monetary policy: in 1979, Britain had a highest Personal Income Tax Rates of 83 percent, while the same figures were 61.5 percent in Australia, 61.9 in Canada, 73 in Denmark, 60 percent in France, 56 in West Germany, 72 in Italy, 88 in Japan, 72 in Netherlands, 86.5 in Sweden and 70 in the US. This shows that of these 11 countries taken for this comparison, only Japan and Sweden had a higher rate of highest income tax levels. (Canto Laffer, 1990, p. 250) Another critical area that required handling was curbing inflation, whose gravity was spelt out by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Geoffrey Howe, who made an impassioned plea stating his government’s determination to fight this malaise: It will be clear from what I have already said that the Government continue to regard the fight against inflation as the first priority. It is an illusion to suppose that we have any real choice between defeating inflation and some other course. It is quite wrong to suppose that inflation is something with which only Treasury ministers need be concerned. And in the defeat of inflation, monetary policy has an essential role to play [t]he level of spending is planned to fall steadily throughout the next four years. Without these economies, a coherent policy to reduce inflation would be unattainable. . . At the heart of the medium-term strategy is the need to return to a sensible level of public spending and to see government borrowing reduced. In the last 20 years the ratio of public expenditure to GDP has risen by a quarter. It would be all too easy for this ratio to go on rising indefinitely, unless we addressed ourselves to fundamentals†¦This review is crucial to the strategy. Crucial to success in reducing the PSBR, lowering interest rates, and bringing down inflation. And crucial if we are to find room for lightening the tax burden and so to provide scope and encouragement for enterprise and initiative. . .Expenditure in 1983-84 is planned to be about 4 per cent lower in real terms than in 1979-80. The effect will be a marked shift in the burdens imposed by the Government and in the balance between the public and private sectors. Above all we shall have set the volume of public spending on the right course. We shall be creating a climate much more favourable to economic growth. (Holmes, 1985, p. 55) [3] For sure, this method was to turn out to sow the seeds for bearing fruit in later years: the economy had a real growth rate of 3.64 percent in 1985, 3.4 percent in 1986, and 4.21 and 2.59 in the next couple of years. (Canto Laffer, 1990, p. 250) These details are spelt out in later sections of this paper. Thatcher’s policies had the effect of increasing inflation initially, before turning it around: in February 1980, inflation had touched a high of 18.4 percent, a rate that was double the rate of what it was just over half a year ago. (Holmes, 1985, p. 52) In addition, in the first year, PSBR and the money supply indicator, the M3, did not meet their targets, falling short substantially. Another factor impeded successful implementation of reducing inflation in this critical first year of her governance –rise in public expenditure caused by the government’s commitment to increase spending on health, defence, law and order and other social benefit schemes. Added to all this, the government raised public sector pay, as recommended by the Clegg Commission set up during the previous Labour government, which the Conservatives had agreed to. All these resulted initially in fall in employment, the exact opposite of what the government had pledged to achieve. (Tomlinson, 1 990, p. 333) To this, her response was that â€Å"basic economic laws (cannot) somehow be suspended because we are British. . . For government, facing our national problems entails keeping the growth of the amount of money in line with the growth in the amount of goods and services. After years of printing too much money, to which the economy has become addicted, this will take time, but it must be done† (Holmes, 1985, p. 52) During the first three years of Thatcher’ rule, tax revenues rose by 4.7 percent from 25.3 to 30 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but its budget deficit rose by a whopping 43 percent, to over  £13 billion. (Canto Laffer, 1990, p. 245) Thatcherism[4] Thatcherism was constructed under the guidance of her mentor, Sir Keith Joseph. Its belief was rooted in the Victorian tenets of hard work, independence and self esteem. This perhaps explains why she was so aversive to parasitic public sector industries, in whose reform she believed lay the solution to the economy’s ills. (Cooper, Kornberg, Mishler, 1988, p. 261) The firm and unshakable belief she had in industry were the result of her middle class upbringing. A historian, Paul Johnson, had this to say about her beliefs: [ Margaret Thatcher] has never been able, or wished, to separate her strong religious convictions from her equally strong political ones. In her mind, they are indivisible, springing as they do from the teachings of her father, a storekeeper and local councillor in the small town of Grantham. Her fathers code was simplicity itself: there are real and absolute distinctions between good and evil. Everyone has a personal responsibility to choose the good. This applies equally to public and private life. Choosing the good means working hard to better ourselves and our families and to serve the community. Deal honestly and keep the spirit as well as the letter of the law. Borrow only when absolutely necessary and repay promptly. Save systematically for the future. Give generously. In public life, apply the same high standards as in your private dealings. Remember at all times that you are accountable not only to the voter in this life but to Almighty God in the nextand God sees into our s ecret hearts and judges our motives as well as our actions. (Geelhoed Hobbs, 1992, p. xvii) [5] She believed in the better side of capitalism, which allowed the individual the maximum scope for growth. The route to wealth creation, in the ideal of Thatcherism, was not in creating or pampering the white elephants of the public sector; rather, it was in introducing healthy competition, calculated risk taking and smart marketing, to all of which the public sector was the antithesis. The small capitalist, in her vision, was the microcosm of the bigger enterprise on which the economy was built. The public sector was becoming one of the biggest sources of public expenditure, whose power had to be cut only by emasculating the trade unions, which were hampering productivity and free enterprise. Her idea of free enterprise was one that aimed at creating financial stability that was borne out of curbing public expenses; the greatest barrier to productivity and competition in her perception, the trade unions, were to be targeted forcefully. Her monetary policy was thus aimed at unchaining the economy by introducing capitalism. The role of the government was specific and clear –pulling out of the economy while strengthening its hold and role over other areas. (Cooper, Kornberg, Mishler, 1988, pp. 261-263) Thatcherism was thus â€Å"a package of fiscal and monetary austerity with tight restraint on government spending and borrowing intended to curb inflation and reduce interest rates, thereby overcoming the electoral burden of an unemployment rate that had more than doubled during Thatchers first term.† (Alt Alt, 1988, p. 217) In the pursuit of her clearly defined objectives, Thatcher had not really differed fundamentally from Conservative ideology; the area in which she differed was in the statecraft used to achieve her political and economic aims. The basic fabric of the Tory philosophy of governance, of an increase in the state’s autonomy, did not undergo a major change. In this sense, there was a similarity between Conservative ideology unde r Winston Churchill and Harold Macmillan on the one side, and Thatcher on the other. (Bevir Rhodes, 2003, p. 110) Dealing with the unions Owing to policies by both Labour and the Tories from about 1962, successive governments, in their efforts towards controlling prices, had pampered labour unions and had involved them in major economic decisions, in an era also characterised by growing nationalisation of vital industries. As a result, their numbers had grown from 40 percent of the employees to 55 in this period; this had had the effect of making them aggressive, recalcitrant and militant in their outlook, having grown on the diet of indispensability for the government. They had reneged on most of the promises they had made of their conduct. The role of the government in the affairs of administration almost resembled a socialist state –the government had held not only owned corporations dealing with coal, steel, rail, transport, natural gas, it also had been handling most public utilities. It was a departure from these established Keynesian norms that Thatcherism was conceived and enacted. Because as a result of all these policies, by the time she came to power, the economy had been left in tatters –inflation stood at 10 percent, although this itself was far better compared to the 25 percent of 1975, unemployment had risen to six percent, national income had risen in the six years leading to 1979 at half the rate at which it had in the preceding 13 years, and public sector deficit had multiplied by 400 percent to four percent of the economy. To cap it all, strikes by one or another union were becoming almost a quotidian occurrence. In addition, the labour unions refused to cooperate with the Labour government for wage control below inflation rate. All these added to constitute the notorious â€Å"Winter of Discontent†[6] in the year in which Thatcher took office. Thus, the enormity of the situation was quite high at the time of her ascension. (Alt, 1994, p. 61) There were some important legal actions she took in relation to trade unions to curb their clout. Among her first re gulations was a legal ban on secondary picketing by the unions. In the same breath, she also curtailed the power of the unions by removing their immunity to pay fines they had been imposed by courts for violations of industrial relations laws. (Alt Alt, 1988, pp. 218-219) One more important legislation, perhaps the most radical one she promulgated, was in 1982. Called the Employment Act, it forcefully restricted the ambit of strikes to only the issue of pay and working conditions; the same legislation also tightened procedures on closed shops, and reduced unions’ other immunities, and more importantly, followed up in subsequent legislations by making strike ballots more stringent, and made it compulsory for unions to give seven days’ notice when going on strike. Perhaps the most important part of this legislation was that it deprived workers the automatic right of becoming union members. (Childs Storry, 1999, p. 540) Yet another important step she took in this direct ion was to separate their loyalty to the Labour Party. This she did by making public and mandatory the periodic secret ballots that were being held to some trade establishments such as shops, their members’ right to elect leaders to their association, and finally, their allegiance to the Labour Party. She reduced their importance by deliberately snubbing them by not consulting them over important economic policy,[7] and not seeking their opinion or cooperation over implementation of several economic measures. She also sought to wean the youth away from unions by generating some employment schemes targeted at them. (Alt Alt, 1988, pp. 218-.223) As a result of the systematic attack on the unions, the most important success she achieved, perhaps the most notable one of all her entire economic policy was the dismemberment and break up of the nation’s most powerful union, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). When this union went on strike for a whole year protesting pi t closures, the government simply refused to buckle down; rather, the union, apart from ending its strike in April 1985, also had to face the mortification of getting split, almost rendering it impotent. Subsequently, figures of strikes and working days lost to them fell to post-war lows. (Kavanagh, 1997, p. 129) The effect of all this was that these acts debilitated the unions like no other legislation had in the past. Membership was no longer an enticing or lucrative proposition in unions sapped of their vitals; by 1994, total union membership of the workforce had fallen to nine million from 13 million in 1979. Unionism did continue, but with a vastly diluted character. Unions were no longer truculent or militant; instead, they had toned down to becoming business-oriented, strike rates fell down drastically, and were, in their watered down form, almost solely restricted to the public sector, almost totally deserted the private sector. (Childs Storry, 1999, p. 540) Curbing inflation Along with the unions, she had another task that required equal attention –high inflation, which was a major challenge to the economy. Controlling inflation was no easy task, again given the nexus that existed between managements and labour unions; in the words of Sir Walter Salomon, â€Å"both sides of industry were in unholy alliance: management thought a little bit of inflation would increase profits, while labour was persuaded that a little bit of inflation would maintain employment. It was as though a little bit of pregnancy need not lead on to bigger things!† (Holmes, 1985, p. 50) By 1980, inflation was easily among the most important problems for the nation; the government of the day had to take some very stringent, even harsh measures that would cause other problems, if only to control galloping prices. In the immediate months of assuming office, she introduced the Medium Term Financial Strategy (MTFS). In a sense, it was a takeoff from the policy undertaken by the previous Chancellor of the Exchequer from the Labour Party, Healey as part of an agreement with the IMF. Thatcher’s aim was to stringently divert targets to narrowed down goals like money and borrowing, and an absence of clearly stated goals for prices and economic output. (Alt Alt, 1988, p. 224) Raising taxes and cutting public spending were identified as the mantras with which to tackle inflation, even if it meant administering the economy a mild shock to jolt it out of its situation, akin to using one thorn to remove another. The immediate shocks the nation was administered had immediate effects that were extremely damaging –in 1980-81, industrial production in manufacturing fell by a whopping 14 percent, GNP contracted by over three percent, and unemployment rose by close to three million. This was the steepest rise in Britain’s history since the Great Depression of half a century ago. The slump in manufacturing was so great in terms in gravity that the nation lost a quarter of its manufacturing capacity in 1979-81. Just when a really potent crisis, a seemingly insoluble one, seemed to have gripped Britain, as if out of nowhere, two events turned the tide –the sudden spurt in prices of North Sea oil and gas, over which Britain had access, by an extrem ely pleasant high of 70 percent, (Evans, 2004, p. 21) which balanced the trade account and cushioned the violent swings in the economy, and the Falklands War, which completely diverted the internal turmoil and infused a sudden spurt of nationalism into the country, (Geelhoed Hobbs, 1992, p. xii) making people look to Thatcher as a kind of messiah who had delivered. The truth was that both these were events whose timing could not have been more appropriate for the nation in a morass. Conclusion One of the major charges levelled against Thatcher[8] is that Thatcherism was built on a highly simplified, yet rather cynical view of human nature,[9] and of its subservience to authority. She was extremely stern in her dealings with everyone, and believed that she had to use force to make people accept what she believed in. She was aptly described as â€Å"a Royal Marine drill sergeant inside a classic English matron†. (Champy Nohria, 1999, p. 191) Authors such as Gilmour are unsparing in their criticism of Thatcher’s assumption that every human action is driven by selfish motives, and that unless a leviathan-like government oversaw and strictly regulated it, it would be left to its primeval, selfish interests. Also coming in for severe criticism by this author is the view that Thatcher was less than positive in her perception of how and why people conform to authority, which is she is believed to have used to coerce people into her way of thinking. In the view of th is author, if the One Nation Toryism was not to people’s liking, which they had no compelling reason to like, then, people had no reason to automatically have an interest in the state. (Bevir Rhodes, 2003, p. 110) The whole range of her achievements needs to be seen in the pathetic situation the economy was in when she was appointed Prime Minister. She had come to power inheriting a largely sluggish economy. During this time, in 1978-79, the economy had all it took to take the country towards disaster –high inflation, trade union hooliganism and social problems had eaten into British politics. All this had earned it the dubious epithet, Europe’s â€Å"sick man† at the time; this condition was dubbed the â€Å"British Disease†. So deep had Britain’s image sunk in the eyes of the world that when he was elected to his first term as the president of the US, one of the foremost advices Ronald Reagan received was to strictly avoid taking up any economic policy that resembled Britain’s. The reasons for this were partly to be laid on the previous government, and mostly on the worldwide economic recession that had hit industrialised economies very badly. In fac t, Europe and the US were going through the worst recession they had witnessed since World War II. By the time she had been elected for a record third term in 1987, the economy had seen its sixth consecutive year of good performance; most barometers of the economy –production, foreign trade balance, establishment of new businesses, investment and economic growth, had all looked up. The economy had quietly been put back on its rails, with a consistent three percent growth rate since coming out of the recession. This was by all accounts a remarkable turnaround for an economy that was teetering on the brink less than a decade ago. (Geelhoed Hobbs, 1992, pp. xii- xiv) At the end of her reign, some perceptible changes were indeed seen in the economy: the shifting of the tax burden from individuals to corporations, increase in allocation to defence compared to social welfare, and a significantly lower spending on public investment compared to consumption. One of her apparent successes, reduction in unemployment, was not a uniquely British or Thatcherite phenomenon; it was more in tune with changes wrought about by the international markets attendant on exchange rates. (Alt Alt, 1988, p. 218) As we have seen, her attempted cure of the terminally ill â€Å"British Disease†[10] that she inherited could have actually been worse than the disease, but a streak of fortuity somehow saw the economy making lost ground, when it had been pushed to the brink in the initial years of her office. It is difficult to imagine to what further level the economy would have sunk had it not been for these events. But once this impetus was given, the recovery was quick –inflation was down to single figures by the spring of 1982. From even this dismal scenario, inflation was nipped, during 1982, it had come down to half its rate in 1979, and by the beginning of 1983, it stood at 5.4 percent, its lowest level since 1970. Yet, even this was not very real. The now-oil rich country caused an appreciation in the pound, because of which it was becoming extremely difficult to export manufactured goods. Low price of imports were aggravated by huge rises in unemployment levels, because of which reduced bargaining power by employees was also reducing the rate of wage increase. Added to all these, the government’s best efforts to reduce public spending were making no dent on institutionalised heavy public spending –it continued unabated to 44.5 percent of the GDP even in 1982, and the total tax burden was put at 34 percent of the GDP in the first year of office, and 40 percent in 1982 -83. Thus, whatever successes her policies had in tackling inflation had been more due to luck than anything else. (Evans, 2004, pp. 21-30) Yet, she could not find the same luck or effectiveness when it came to containing unemployment, which continued to be the enemy she could never really defeat till the end. Despite all her policies, although it was her topmost priority, in the period between 1979 and 1988, the cream of her Prime Ministership, UK’s unemployment rate, which was five percent in 1979, the year in when she took office, rose to 6.4 percent in 1980, and was 9.8 in 1981, 11.3 percent in 1982, 12.5 percent in 1983, 11.7 percent in 1984, 11.3 in 1985, 11.5 percent in1986, and10.2 percent in 1987 before finally falling to 8.2 percent the following year. With very few occasional exceptions, no other leading country in the OECD had this rate during this period. (Tomlinson, 1990, p. 334) Again, like the North Sea oil[11] which came as a godsend to her at a most critical time, another factor, though not quite so great a paroxysm, bailed her out of the unemployment morass –the transition of the economy from manufacturing to service and knowledge. Again, this was due in part to the global changes in the mode of industry, than to anything to which she could claim any singular credit. (Geelhoed Hobbs, 1992, p. xv) Thus, in assessing the most crucial parameters of the success of her economic policies, on two major counts, she was blessed to be the right person at the right time. It cannot be denied that Thatcherism brought about some very important changes. In effect, there was a pendulous effect of her economic policies –at first, when she introduced reforms aimed at curbing inflation, they boomeranged, then showed some very perceptible signs of having worked, and then, towards the end of her reign, had brought back the economy to a healthy state. One area over which she could claim total success was in dealing firmly with trade unions. There can be no doubt that this was an unequivocal stamp of her assertiveness. However, assessing her ability to deliver in other crunch areas does not bring the same decisiveness. Seen in this prism, her overall economic policies were a success, but were a qualified one. Considering the onus she inherited, it was commendable that she was able to implement so many changes. Thus, in finally evaluating Thatcher’ economic policy, it needs to be said that they indeed were successes, but a good part of this was due to events over which she had little control. References Alt, J. E., (1994), 3. â€Å"Thatchers Ideology: Economic Cures for English Diseases†, in Margaret Thatcher: Prime Minister Indomitable, Thompson, J. S. Thompson, W. C., (Eds.), (pp. 55-72), Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Alt, J. E., Alt, J. E., (1988), 8. â€Å"New Wine in Old Bottles: Thatchers Conservative Economic Policy†, in The Resurgence of Conservatism in Anglo-American Democracies, Cooper, B., Kornberg, A., Mishler, W., (Eds.), (pp. 217-257), Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Bevir, M., Rhodes, R. A., (2003), Interpreting British Governance, Routledge, New York. Canto, V. A. Laffer, A. B. (Eds.), (1990), Monetary Policy, Taxation, and International Investment Strategy, Quorum Books, New York. Champy, J., Nohria, N., (1999), The Arc of Ambition: Defining the Leadership Journey, Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA. Childs, P. Storry, M., (Eds.), (1999), Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture, Routledge, London. Cooper, B., Kornberg, A., Mishler, W., (Eds.), (1988), Little Bee, by Chris Cleave: Analysis Little Bee, by Chris Cleave: Analysis Little Bee, by Chris Cleave, is a novel that explores both the frailty of the human condition and the endurance of the human spirit. It delves into unthinkable evil, but simultaneously celebrates its characters in their ability to transcend all that weighs them down, including their pasts, their secrets, and their flaws. The book is about the bond formed between two women and how the relationship that has arisen from the most tragic of circumstances functions to resurrect both of them. For the character of Little Bee, identity is inescapably tied to ethnicity, nationality, gender, race, and class. She is hampered by the weight of her past; yet she also rises above these distinctions in her continued hopefulness, as evidenced in her dreams and active imagination. A representative passage of the book that explores Little Bees point of view (both its unceasing optimism and stark realism) occurs in the books final chapter. Little Bee is on the beach, awaking from a dream. The dream was of her ideal life going forward: Living in a beautiful home in her native Nigeria, working as a journalist who collects stories like her own, Sarah and Charlie with her as family. Little Bee is peaceful, thinking about the noise that has awoken her and, by extension, her place in the world. After the passage are the last few pages of the novel, in which Little Bee separates from Sarah and Charlie because the armed men (presumably soldiers) are searching for her. Ultimately Little Bee, prompted by the men shooting at Charlie, sacrifices herself by revealing her identity to them. The passage is ominous. Structurally, the reader is aware by this point that they are mere pages away from the end of the story. The pages prior have seen several good developments after the turn of Little Bees deportation to Nigeria. Sarah and Charlie have returned with her and they are setting about collecting stories from other native people in order to expose the truths of the oil companies cruelty to the world. They are relaxing in the sun, on the beach near where Little Bees sister Nkiruka was killed. Little Bee is awoken from a good dream, but immediately the reader gets the sense that something bad is about to happen. This comes as a result of the first sentence of the passage, There is a moment when you wake up from dreaming in the hot sun, a moment outside time when you do not know what you are (Cleave 258). The sentence shows that Little Bee is questioning her identity at just the moment when she should be most sure of it. Because Little Bee has been seeking a home, a fami ly, and belonging, and has seemingly found it, the reader realizes that it is still uncertain. It is significant to point out that the reader knows that the thesis of the book is that it is a sad story. We are told early on, Sad words are just another beauty. A sad story means, this storyteller is alive (Cleave 9). Thus we know that the story can not have a happy ending, but nor is the ending ultimately tragic. It is clear that Little Bee has survived merely in the telling of the story, but also that something bad will happen to her in the end. So the passage on the beach is situated at the exact moment between Little Bee at her happiest and the awful events that will make this a sad story. The book as alternates between the points of view of Sarah and Little Bee, though this section is told in Little Bees voice. It is critical that the final chapter be her perspective, given that the so much of the book deals with the lack of western knowledge of people like Little Bee, the silence regarding their stories, and the healing power of storytelling. The most significant element of voice in this passage is the tonal shift between its two paragraphs. In the first paragraph, Little Bee is coming out of her dream and the narration is reminiscent of that half-awake state. The second paragraph is Little Bee, eyes open, in the fog of remembering who and where she is, when she says, a white woman was sitting next to me on the beach in the thing called shade (Cleave 259). This paragraph also hints at the return of Little Bees Africanness in its wording. The implication is that shade, a relatively simple word with her advanced level of English, is again foreign to her. Then she says, regarding Sarah, I searched for the name of her expression in your language frightened, again struggling for easy language. Given that in the previous paragraph she has discussed transformation at length, it is as if the reader is seeing Little Bee regress to the self she was before England and Sarahs influence. Another important element of voice is the use of the second person point of view in the first paragraph. This technique is also used throughout the book, as filtered through Little Bee. The second person is an affecting way of getting the reader to empathize with its speaker. While Little Bees circumstances may be hard for many readers (particularly the audience that might have access and motivation to read the novel) to understand, the second person forces the reader to imagine herself in her stead. The use of second person as a tool ties in with one of the central themes of the book: what it takes for one person to understand the plight of another. This theme is evident at many points: Sarah and Andrew choose to vacation in Nigeria despite its war; Andrew refuses to cut off his finger though it may mean the girls will die; Sarah dismisses Andrews depression. Thus when Little Bee realizes you are a creature with skin she is realizing it not only for herself, but for all the readers (Cleave 259). Being human, they are subject to all the same agonies and ecstasies that she is and are similarly mortal. The passage explores the idea of identity, specifically who one is in relationship to the world and how one knows she is human. The idea is reinforced through the use of several extended metaphors. Repetition of these metaphors gives them heft. The first is you must be money (Cleave 258). This alludes to the previous section, in which she says that the noise that woke her up is the sound of the surf pounding on the beachCrash, like the drawer of a cash register springing open and all the coins inside it smashing against the edge of their compartments (Cleave 258). That the you character is money is ironic, given that prior the reader is told you feel absolutely free (Cleave 258). Money in the book represents evil. It is the main motivation for the oil companies that have corrupted Nigeria and divided its people. Additionally, Sarahs finger is taken as a kind of payment for Little Bees life and as such, she is resentful of her own commodification. Next Little Bee compares herself to environmental elements of the beach itself. The beach represents the very best and worst parts of Little Bees life: It is where her sister was murdered, but also where she met Sarah and Andrew. In the moment of the passage, it is where she is relaxing and dreaming of a better life, but also where she is about to be recaptured. Cleave writes that Little Bee is that hot breeze, (258) but even as breeze she is burdened, as he describes the heaviness you feel in your limbs is the weight of the salt in the wind and the sweet sleepiness that bewitches you is simply the weariness that comes from the day-and-night pushing of waves across the ocean (259). It is as ironic as the monetary comparison: Just as we consider money to be the opposite of free, so is breeze the opposite of heavy. The passage tells us that identity is mutable, at least in ones own imagination. Just as Little Bee has made herself English, she can be African again. She can imagine herself as free as the breeze or as inconsequential as a grain of sand. In the mind, it is as if you could transform yourself into anything at all (Cleave 258). After she is the breeze, she is the sand that the breeze blows up the beach, just one grain of sand among the billions of blown grains (Cleave 259). Again she is a natural element of the beach, but this time one that is inconsequential and one that can simply to go back to sleep, as the sand does, until the wind thinks to awaken it again (Cleave 259). With this comparison, Cleave is exploring Little Bees as an entity that is not burdened (as the wind is) by responsibility, but instead is burdened by others acting upon her. This parallels with Little Bees tragedy, as she had no agency over her own fate or that of her village, or any ability to protect her sister . Next Little Bee realizes her own corporeal presence and its inherent mortality. She says, this skin is your own and a billion fishes have slipped away like this, flapping on the blinding white sand, and what difference will one more make? (Cleave 259). Just as she has realized her inability to control her own destiny, she is realizing her insignificance. This is all the more noteworthy as next she realizes, I am a girl, then, an African girl (Cleave 259). She is subject to the oppression that her gender and her nationality carry with them. As a girl, she has less power than a man, and men in this novel are agents of destruction. The reader is told this earlier in the story when Little Bee says, The men came and theyThat was how all of our stories started (Cleave 79). Her Africanness, as well, leaves her open to danger, as Sarah can return to England and be guaranteed safety but she can not. This realization does not leave Little Bee so much depressed as resigned. She will stay hersel f, as the shape-changing magic of dreams whispers back into the roar of the ocean (Cleave 259). It is a foreshadowing of her final decision. She does not choose to flee or fight, but instead to surrender herself for the sake of Charlie, because he is young and will continue the dream for her. The reader takes from Little Bee the idea that identity is fluid and ones own self-perception can be a tool of transcendence. Little Bees circumstances require that she reinvents herself from village girl, to refugee, to member of an upper-class British family. Because of her brain, her language, and her imagination, she cannot be marginalized, even though she must succumb to evil. To the reader, Little Bee will remain as free as the wind and as peaceful as the undisturbed sand, because she has offered her voice and her story as testimony.

Lake Tahoe and The Growing Importance for Environmental Preservation Es

Lake Tahoe, an enormous expanse of clear, blue, fresh water surrounded by meadows and dense forests and rimmed by snow-capped peaks, is one of the world's great scenic and ecological wonders. Tahoe's water is world famous for its amazing clarity. Even today, one can see objects 70 feet below the surface, a clarity matched almost nowhere in the world. The Tahoe Basin had a slowly evolving and essentially balanced environment for thousands of years, with surrounding forests, meadows and marshlands helping to maintain the clarity and purity of the lake. This pristine environment also provided habitat for great diversity of plants and wildlife. Hundreds of species of native plants thrived in forest, marsh, and meadow. But now, in scarcely a century, an equilibrium that endured for thousands of years is rapidly being lost due to environmental degredation and resource values are steadily deteriorating because of human activities. While there is an appearent lose of wildlife and environment that exists in The Lake Tahoe Basin, there is also an insurgance of environmental conservation that has become increasingly powerful in the attempt at stopping these adverse affects on the environment from happening in the hope that the beauty of Lake Tahoe will continue to exist for generations and generations more. The first major change in the environment came with the logging of the 1860s, when much of the basin's forest was clear-cut. The logging tapered off with the collapse of the mining boom, but not before most of the Tahoe's virgin forest was gone. By the 1920s, cars and better roads made Tahoe accessible to the ordinary visitor, and landholdings began to be subdivided for summer homes, especially along the southern and western portions of the basin. The urbanization of the Tahoe Basin remained a relatively slow process until the 1950s, when the opening of Highway 50 and the completion of Interstate 80 brought the San Francisco Bay area within a four-hour drive. Year-round access to the lake encouraged expansion, as modest clubs designed for seasonal business were transformed into towering casinos packed with visitors throughout the year. The new access in winter also attracted thousands to the basin's ski slopes, and in addition to this increase due to accessability, the 1960 Olympics were held in the Lake Tahoe Basin, at the Squaw Valley Ski Resort. This event crea... ...ve a healthy environment we must conserve the land that has remained untouched. For this reason, the TRPA organization and many other environmental protectionist groups of the Lake Tahoe Basin, support redevelopment as an alternative to new development, and we strongly believe all development should be contained within the existing urban boundaries. Redevelopment allows for many environmental improvements to be made. Bibliography League to Save Lake Tahoe, Lake Tahoe’s Annual Clarity Chart, South Lake Tahoe, California. Douglas Strong, Tahoe: An Environmental History. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, c1984), pp 22-31. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, About TRPA: Mission Statement. Online. Available: http://www.trpa.org/Mission.htm. Accessed: June 1, 2005. U.S. Forest Service, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, Lake Tahoe Federal Advisory Committee. Online. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/ltbmu/local/ltfac/. Accessed: June 1, 2005. U.S. Census Bureau. California Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990. Online. Available: http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ca190090.txt. Accessed: June 1, 2005.

Biopsychology and The Importance Of Historical Milestones Within This Science Essay

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington was among the well-known psychologists of his time during the 1930’s. Among the major issues, that he faced has been that of the utilization of the reflexes in the spinal cord to investigate the different aspects of characterization that makes up the neurons and the entire nervous system as well. This particular understanding has become one of the most outstanding discoveries of the 1930’s with regards the implicative facts about biopsychology. Through this understanding, there had been many other studies that followed, which were able to evaluate and rearrange the strategies used by Sherrington during his research in the 1930’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What did the findings of the research actually pertain to; and what breakthrough did it particularly imply in science of understanding the different aspects of biological psychology? Human’s physical aspects actually affect the major ways by which they react to the situations that they face in their everyday activities. Obviously, the situation has been explained to have been controlled by the process with which the neurons within the nervous system respond to the outside situations that the person deals with. From this particular understanding, the study on the connection between human physiology and human behavior basics and dysfunctions as well had been further developed. Understandably, the said implicative studies improved the process of making amended explanation on the different developed informative sections that make up biopsychology today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Certainly, the beginning of such understanding led the process with which biopsychology is actually functioning today. The development of the said understanding mainly increases the competency of the said field in making informative and learned connection with regards the human basics in physical aspects and behavioral reflections. References: Man on His Nature The 1937–38 Gifford lectures, Edinburgh: New York: MacMillan, 1940. Cambridge University Press, 2nd rev. edition 1951, hardcover: ISBN 0-521-06436-8, paperback: ISBN 0-521-09203-5. Selected Writings of Sir Charles Sherrington: A Testimonial Presented by the Neurologists Forming the Guarantors of the Journal â€Å"Brain† Hoeber, 1940. Oxford University Press, 1979: ISBN 0-19-920104-8.